Sources — Runtime Verification
Primary references supporting the development of runtime verification through execution monitoring, specification-based trace analysis, monitor evaluation, and verification verdicts.
Foundational Distinction
A Brief Account of Runtime Verification (2009)
https://www.isp.uni-luebeck.de/research/publications/brief-account-runtime-verification
Runtime Verification — 17 Years Later (2018)
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20210005928
Specification and Monitoring
Runtime Verification: From Propositional to First-Order Temporal Logic (2018)
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20210005871
A Tutorial on Runtime Verification (2013)
https://www.havelund.com/Publications/rv-tutorial-ios-2012.pdf
Runtime Systems
Runtime Verification of Hard Realtime Systems With Copilot: A Tutorial (2024)
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20240010993
Structural Interpretation
The source lineage develops runtime verification from execution monitoring and its distinction from testing and exhaustive verification toward specification-based trace analysis, temporal monitoring, monitorability, and concrete runtime-verification systems.
Across these sources, a recurring structural relation connects an explicit property or specification with observations from a concrete execution and a monitor that derives verification information from that execution.
The execution trace provides behavioral evidence, while the specification establishes the property against which that evidence is evaluated; neither element alone constitutes the runtime-verification relation.
This reference remains limited to the structural characterization of runtime verification and does not prescribe monitoring implementations, instrumentation mechanisms, enforcement actions, or operational procedures.